Comparative Study of the Prevalence, Symptoms, and Severity of Allergic Rhinitis Among Iraqi Men and Women

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa triggered by exposure to allergens. It is characterized by symptoms including sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, congestion, and ocular symptoms such as itching and redness of the eyes. Allergic rhinitis represents a common health problem that may affect quality of life and daily activities.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among different age groups and to compare its prevalence and associated risk factors between males and females in two Iraqi governorates.

Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted from 9 October 2023 to 20 January 2024 in Diyala and Salah Al-Din governorates, Iraq. Data were collected from 200 participants using face-to-face interviews and an online questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. Information regarding demographic characteristics, allergic rhinitis status, associated symptoms, comorbidities, blood groups, and medication history was collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 200 participants were enrolled, including 82 males (41.0%) and 118 females (59.0%). Participants ranged in age from less than 15 years to more than 45 years, with the majority belonging to the 15–30-year age group. The overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 63.5%. Most participants were urban residents (86.0%). Females represented a higher proportion of the study population than males. The prevalence and distribution of allergic rhinitis varied according to age group, sex, and place of residence.

Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis was highly prevalent among the studied Iraqi population, particularly among young adults and urban residents. Differences in prevalence according to sex and demographic characteristics suggest that these factors may influence the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in Iraq. Further large-scale studies are recommended to identify additional risk factors and confirm these findings.