Bioefficiency of the Extracts of Azadirachta and excelsa (Jack) Xanthium, itaricum Moretti on the Mortarity of Aphis fabae scopoli and its nyferparasitoids, Asaphes suspensus (Nees) and Pachyneuron aptriois Bouche (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae)

Abstract

Toxicity of ethanolic extracts of two plants (Azadirachta excelsa Jack) and Xanthium italicum Moretti to the bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli and its main hyperparasitoids; Asaphes suspensus (Nees) and Pachyneron aphidis Bouche was investigated. The susceptibility of the hyperprasitoidos to X. italicum and A. excelsa was not varied. All extracts showed remarkable toxicities. The extract from A. excelsa has shown more pronounced toxic effect, having Ecso 3.5 and 3.6 ppm compared to 90 and 22 ppm for M. italiucum against the aphid and its hyperparasitoids respectively. The percent mortality of A. fabae was found to be concentration and exposure-time dependent for A. excelsa extract. The extract of X. italicum was appeared selectivity of toxic action between aphid and its hyperparasitoids. These leaves extracts could have promising practical application in protection cultivated plants against attack by A. fabae and increasing efficiency of its primary parasitoids as biological control by reducing viability of main hyperparasitoids.